In this phase, we modify the format of the topology control (TC) message and add two fields, including route energy and route lifetime to this message. According to this mechanism, when a node has higher residual energy, higher link lifetime, and more neighborhood degree compared to others, it achieves more fitness to be selected as MPR. In this phase, we present a fuzzy mechanism for selecting a set of MPR nodes. In this phase, we propose a new and efficient technique for estimating the lifetime of the link between two unmanned ariel vehicles (UAVs) based on the link quality, distance, relative velocity, and movement direction. OLSR+ includes four main phases: 1) Discovering neighboring nodes. In this scheme, we seek to improve the optimized link state routing protocol (OLSR) so that it can efficiently be used in FANETs. In this paper, we propose a fuzzy logic-based routing approach called OLSR+ for FANETs. Due to specific features of FANETs, such as high-speed nodes, low density of nodes in the network, and rapid changes in the topology, most routing protocols designed for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) or vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are not compatible with FANETs. Furthermore, open issues and research challenges are summarized and discussed.įlying ad-hoc networks (FANETs) have many applications in military, industrial and agricultural areas. The MAC protocols are then qualitatively compared in terms of major features, characteristics, and performance factors. Subsequently, the existing MAC protocols are reviewed and discussed from the perspective of major features, operational principles, advantages, and limitations.

In this paper, the MAC design issues in FANETs are presented first. This study extensively investigates the existing MAC protocols for FANETs. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there exists no survey on MAC protocols for FANETs. Recently, however, the design of an energy-efficient MAC protocol has become a new research focus. In early MAC protocols for FANETs, delay, throughput, and collision detection were the key design concerns. Several MAC protocols for FANETs have been reported in literature.

Owing to peculiar features such as high mobility and dynamic topology, however, the design of a MAC protocol for FANETs confronts challenges. Medium access control (MAC) protocols have attracted significant attention because of their impact on overall network performance. Recently, flying ad hoc networks (FANETs) have been broadly applied to various civilian and military applications.

Ad hoc network mac address